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Heathian anarchism is a form of market anarchism based in the idea of voluntary community and invented by Georgist dissenter Spencer Heath (1876–1963), and presented in his book ''Citadel, Market and Altar'' (1957). Heath's grandson, Spencer H. MacCallum, popularized and expounded on the idea in his book ''The Art of Community'' (1970). The model for Heathian anarchism is multi-tenant properties such as hotels, shopping centers, industrial parks, and apartment buildings. Multi-tenant properties are the opposite of traditional real-estate developments; the developers would lease the homes rather than sell them, and thus be responsible for providing community services to maintain rental income and land value. Spencer H. MacCallum gives three arguments for the Heathian leasehold model being superior to a subdivision model for a libertarian community: individual autonomy, entrepreneurial opportunity, and quality of community life. Heathian anarchism has been the model for "new country" projects such as "The Atlantis Project." While most anarcho-capitalist "retreatists" envision a Galt's Gulch scenario, Heathians suggest that the most practical way to create a libertarian enclave may be using leasehold rather than freehold. They point out that private single-family housing is historically quite new, and see an evolutionary trend toward the leasehold type of ownership. The term "multi-tenant income property" and the very existence of shopping malls is a phenomenon of the last 50 years. Heathians generally believe that the multi-tenant property approach will, over time, evolve to take over traditional public services such as water, sewer, and street maintenance from municipal governments. They see the Heathian landlord as protecting the individual from two different sources of aggression: criminals and governments. Land-holding firms would compete on how well they can protect their tenants from crime and taxation, a distinct improvement over monopoly government. It is unclear, however, exactly how the land-holding firms are different from small autocratic states, other than that 'taxation' becomes 'rent' and 'dominion' becomes 'property'. Heathian anarchism differs from the standard anarcho-capitalist private defense agency model, which envisions competing security agencies in the same geographical area rather than a proprietary zone.〔(Are there different types of anarcho-capitalism? ) - Anarcho-capitalist FAQ〕 == References == ;Further reading * es:Anarquismo heathiano 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Heathian anarchism」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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